What The Individual Thinks About Cosmetic Surgery Is The...

According to Solomon et al (2006), an attitude can be described in terms of three components: affection, behaviour and cognition. The model is known as the ABC model of attitudes. Affect refers to the individual’s feeling, emotions linked to an attitude object. Behaviour involves a person’s actions and past experiences regarding to an attitude object. Cognition refers to people’s beliefs, thoughts and attributes associated with the object. In the case, what the individual thinks about cosmetic surgery is the component of affect. How to act in certain ways toward the surgery is behaviour. Cognition is involved in the beliefs and knowledge of plastic surgery. For most of women, undergoing cosmetic surgery in life is an important issue that†¦show more content†¦The three increasing degrees of commitment which are compliance, identification and internalisation are related to the level of involvement with the attitude object (Solomon et al, 2006, p.282). The very complex cognitive process of cosmetic surgery is internalised and become part of the individual’s value system. This strong attitude is hard to change as it intertwined with self-concept and self-esteem. For example, some women regard the plastic surgery as displaying women’s appearance value. They see the surgeons and undergo the surgeries routinely to maintain their emphasis on the value of beauty. As this internalisation level of cosmetic surgery, women not only increase physical attractiveness but enhance self-value (Gan, 2007). According to balance theory, people tend to seek relations among elements that are perceived belonging together (Solomon et al, 2006, p.286). People alter these perceptions to make harmony among the elements’ relations. In the case, it is a positive relation between the cosmetic surgery and the danger of surgery procedure. Women who want to undergo the surgery hesitate about the risk. They will experience pressure to restore bal ance by changing the perceptions. Some accepting the hesitation of risk prompt a change in their attitude towards cosmetic surgery; others might give up the cosmetic surgery. As the theory, people are likely to observe changes in attitude when inconsistencies occur. 2.3 Reference

Strategic Plan of Shangri-La Hotel Free Essays

string(140) " the guests a feeling of home and interacting but for that they need customers, without that they can’t do anything \(Kumar Swain 2011\)\." Table of Contents 1. 0Introduction2 2. 0Strategic Plan3 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Plan of Shangri-La Hotel or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0Describe mission statement, strategic goals and corporate strategies for a hotel4 3. 1Mission Statement4 3. 2Strategic Goals6 3. 3Corporate Strategies7 3. 3. 1Shangri-La Care 1: Shangri-La Hospitality from Caring People9 3. 3. 2Shangri-La Care 2: Delighting Customers9 3. 3. 3Shangri-La Care 3: Recover to Gain Loyalty9 3. 3. 4Shangri-La Care 4:  Take Ownership10 4. 0SWOT chart for the Shangri-La Hotel11 5. 0Conclusion14 6. 0Reference15 1. 0 Introduction Our group have chosen Shangri La as our topic of discussion for our report writing. Shangri La is a cooperation that has a lot of hotels and resorts in the whole wide world. The name of ‘Shangri La’ was actually from a novel published in 1933 named, ‘Lost Horizon’ written by James Hilton. In present days, the name ‘Shangri La’ has become famous in the worldwide. In 1971, Shangri La has its own deluxe hotel in Singapore. After that, Shangri La had grew into a huge cooperation which own 72 hotels and resorts in different countries, such as, Asia Pacific, North America, the Middle East, Europe and yet Shangri La is planning to develop more hotels in different countries. Besides that, Shangri La has two Asia’s most prestigious recreational clubs, that is, the Aberdeen Marina Club in Hong Kong, and the Xili Golf and Country Club in Shenzhen. Furthermore, Shangri La’s always follow Asian Hospitality as their unique hospitality to treat their customer. In order to compete with other hotels and resorts, Shangri La had emphasized on hospitality towards their customer. The main thing that makes Shangri La being successful and being different from the other hotels and resorts is offering high level of Asian standards of hospitality and caring for people. Therefore, Shangri La hotels and resorts will care for each and every customer. They will make sure that every customer will satisfied with their services. Shangri La search for trendsetters and professionals to serve their customer and to achieve the goal, that is, to make sure every customer has great experience once they stay in the hotels and resorts. Strategic planning is critical to business success. Different from classic business planning, the strategic variety involves vision, mission and outside-of-the-box thinking. Strategic planning describes where you want your company to go, not necessarily how you’re going to get there. However, like all other â€Å"travel plans,† without knowing where you want to go, creating details on how to arrive are meaningless. Strategic planning defines the â€Å"where† that your company is heading. In order for a business to be successful, there needs to be a roadmap for success. A strategic plan helps to provide direction and focus for all employees. It points to specific results that are to be achieved and establishes a course of action for achieving them. A strategic plan also helps the various work units within an organization to align themselves with common goals. Building a strategic plan is not difficult. It will take some thought and some feedback from customers and others, but businesses should be routinely garnering feedback from appropriate constituent groups on an on-going basis. The process of developing a strategic plan should be rewarding for all involved and usually helps develop stronger communications between members of the planning team. Once developed, the key to making the plan work is a commitment to seeing it through and sound implementation. Many businesses have developed strategic plans only to put them on a shelf to gather dust. Managers need a well-developed strategic plan in order to effectively establish expectations for their employees. Without a plan, expectations are developed in a void and there is little or no alignment with common goals. A good strategic plan looks out 2 to 5 years and describes clearly how the business will grow and prosper over that planning horizon. 2. 0 Strategic Plan 3. 0 Describe mission statement, strategic goals and corporate strategies for a hotel 4. Mission Statement In 2010, Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts had more than seventy hotels and 40,000 employees, with a vision to double within five years, all while maintaining their unique culture of high quality caring and hospitality. In recent years, the hotel chain has won almost every global award, including Asia’s best hotel brand for business and vacation, best luxury hotel chain (Asia Money), best business hotel brand in Asia Pacific (Business Traveler) and top five best overseas hotel (Observer and Guardian) (Marquardt 2011). Shangri-La has a powerful vision for its employees as well as its guests. Employee learning and development is an integral role in Shangri-La and is part of the company’s mission, which states that its aim includes â€Å"enabling all employees to achieve their personal and professional growth. † Eng Leong Tan, Director for HR notes, â€Å"We seek to be the first choice employer among hospitality workers. We are committed to providing an environment in which employees can learn and grow. It is not enough just to pay well and offer good benefits. Growth opportunities are equally important, especially to younger employees† (Marquardt 2011). Shangri-La’s hotel mission statement we envision a community of responsible and educated citizens who are environmentally conscious, practice social responsibility in their daily lives and inspire others to do the same. We commit to operating in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible manner whilst balancing the interest of diverse stakeholders (Lincoln 2007). We strive to be a leader in corporate citizenship and sustainable development, caring for our employees and customers, seeking to enrich the quality of life for the communities in which we do business and serving as good stewards of society and the environment (Shangri-La Asia Limited 2010). â€Å"To delight our guests every time by creating engaging experiences straight from our hearts†. Again the same, they want to delight their quests, but as there is a low traffic of guests, it is self explanatory that they are not fulfilling the needs of their guests. According to their mission they want to differentiate them with others by providing the guests a feeling of home and interacting but for that they need customers, without that they can’t do anything (Kumar Swain 2011). You read "Strategic Plan of Shangri-La Hotel" in category "Essay examples" 4. 2 Strategic Goals Shangri-La Hotel is a facility of services which provide places to stay for customers around the world. It is known as a hotel or a resort for consumers to relax or  even have a  vacation at  the hotel. Shangri-La Hotel is a  much known hotel in Singapore  because it was founded there itself. Shangri-La Hotel has provided a hotel for business traveler. Therefore, it has made another target of business in its management. With these targets, the company has proven to be the world’s best finest hotel in management and services. This hotel has also been situated in Malaysia itself, which have also become a finest hotel for business travelers and also travelers around the world and locally. Therefore, with these achievements, we have decided to make a research about the company itself and prove of its facility that satisfies us as a customer (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). Great hotels are made by great employees, not by crystal chandeliers or expensive carpets. This strongly held belief at Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts translates to a firm commitment to employee development. Such dedication will be increasingly important as the group’s workforce grows from 37,000 to nearly 60,000 by 2013 (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). The process begins with careful selection staff are â€Å"hired for attitude, trained for skills† providing a fertile foundation for the Shangri-La philosophies to be embraced. Shangri-La then invests heavily in training perhaps more than any other hotel group with intensive, ongoing coaching for all staff at 68 hotels and resorts. The group then retains its high caliber staff by creating an environment whereby employees may achieve their personal and career goals. Shangri-La has one of the lowest staff turnover rate in the industry (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). 4. 3 Corporate Strategies Shangri-La Care the group’s defining feature is its exceptional and warm hospitality, as defined by its philosophy Shangri-La hospitality from caring people. All staff undergoes the â€Å"Shangri-La Care† training programme within six months of joining the group. The programme is designed to develop a consistent Shangri-La style of service to deliver a superior guest experience and build brand loyalty. Respect, courtesy, sincerity, helpfulness and humility are all core values of the training. Under the umbrella theme â€Å"Shangri-La Care the Shangri-La Way† the programme is divided into four modules: Shangri-La Care 1 – â€Å"Shangri-La hospitality from caring people†, Shangri-La Care 2 – â€Å"Delighting customers†, Shangri-La Care 3 – â€Å"Recover to gain loyalty† and Shangri-La Care 4 – â€Å"Taking ownership. The four modules of Shangri-La Care focus on the group’s mission: Delighting customers each and every time, part of Shangri-La’s guiding principles (Mohd  Rizal 2007). Shangri-La Care is a living culture within the group, strongly supported by top m anagement and continuously cascaded through the organization. All hotels are required to allocate a specific budget for people training and development and the hotels’ general managers are responsible for ensuring the all the allocated funds are spent year after year. Below is Shangri-La Care Modules that line out what service personnel do and how to serve their customers should best (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). 4. 4. 1 Shangri-La Care 1: Shangri-La Hospitality from Caring People First of all, addresses how to make the guests feel special and important by focusing on the five core values of Shangri-La Hospitality: Respect, Humility, Courtesy, Helpfulness and Sincerity. It also imbues  the value of  Ã¢â‚¬ËœPride without Arrogance’ as the service  hallmark (Mohd  Rizal 2007). . 4. 2 Shangri-La Care 2: Delighting Customers Focuses on the importance of guest loyalty and how it can only be achieved by delighting the guests not just the first time but every single time. Employees must be guest obsessed, doing more for guests by ‘going the extra mile’, being flexible and never  saying no, anticipating and responding quickly, and recognizing the guest’s individual needs (Mohd  Rizal 2007). 4 . 4. 3 Shangri-La Care 3: Recover to Gain Loyalty High lights the importance of recovery when a mistake is made. When recovery is done well, it may be an opportunity to gain further commitment and loyalty but if there is no or poor recovery the lifetime value of the guest is lost in addition to at least 25 others who may hear of the incident through word of mouth. The module teaches the five steps to recovery – Listen, Apologize, Fix the Problem, Delight – the Extra Mile and Follow Up (Mohd  Rizal 2007). 4. 4. 4 Shangri-La Care 4:  Take Ownership Finally, addresses the importance of our employees taking ownership to show care for the customers, colleagues and company. The driver of ownership is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"SELF†, which means S (Show commitment), E (Eager to take initiative), L (Lead ourselves) and F (Filled with  passion). This module attempts to create in the employee’s the mind-set to live in an environment that is  filled with  Care for  guests, Compassion for colleagues and  Pride in the  company (Mohd  Rizal 2007). 4. 0 SWOT chart for the Shangri-La Hotel Strengths| Weaknesses| 1) Shangri-La Hotel is regarded as one of the world’s best management hotel. It includes Shangri-La Hotel and Traders Hotels. 2) Shangri-La Hotel manages to train well employees who are able to provide better quality services to customers. 3) Shangri-La owns strong capital and service that helps it earn good reputation and consumer loyalty. 4) Shangri-La Hotel the uniqueness of interior design of the hotel rooms, lobby, dining cafe and state of the art facilities has been able to attract customer’s intention. It also has been on the luxury of facilities, which can make customers feel comfortable. ) Improved the existing electronic Best Practice process to ensure company-wide benchmarking where ideas with potential for global implementation are highlighted. The most valuable Best Practice recognition was created and is awarded on an annual basis. | 1) Senior executives approaching retirement with no clear recognizable successor. 2) Problems in recruiting employees to work at the resorts. 3) Shangri-La is very famous in Asia but not in the other continen ts. So it is hard to attract those customers. ) Losing market share to rivals and higher overall unit costs relative to rivals 5) Unattractive compensation packages. Thus, failure to understand culture differences. | Opportunities| Threats| 1) Relatively safe and peaceful business environment. No natural disaster around the Hotel location, no riots, no terrorist attack, without violent protest or demonstration. 2) The resort hotel is located in a unique island with beautiful beaches and clear water ideal for snorkeling and living activities. 3) Shangri-La has opportunities to attract more ustomers. And then it can improve its fame all around the world. 4) The income of residents continued to rise, according to Maslow’s theory of the level demand, when the people’s living standards up to a certain extent, they hope to meet spiritual needs. Hotel facilities will attract customers’ so the hotel consumption of the people will continue to increase. 5) Increase presen ces in Asia and also relaxed travel restrictions. | 1) Aggressive fishing activities have been carried out nearby the island lately and it has caused unduly pollution as a result. ) There are many existing and newly built island resorts in the Asia-Pacific region. 3) The competitors are strong. There are lots kinds of hotels, so Shangri-La does not have tremendous competitiveness. 4) Restrictions on travel. 5) Increase in the cost of labor and current economic situation. | SWOT analysis can be defined as â€Å"a critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and treats in relation to the internal and environment factors affecting an entity in order to establish its condition prior to the preparation of the long term plan. In addition, strengths and weaknesses analysis involves looking at the particular strengths and weaknesses of the organization itself and itself and its products/services range. It is an internal appraisal. An analysis of opportunities and thre ats is concerned with profit making opportunities in the business environment and with identified threats such as falling demand, government legislation and new competition etc. Therefore it is an external appraisal. 5. 0 Reference ) Online Business Advisor, 2006, (Why is Strategic Planning important), viewed 23 February 2012, Available from: http://www. onlinebusadv. com/? PAGE=171 2) David Ingram, D 2012 (Why is the Implementation of projects important to strategic Planning and the Project Manager) viewed 23 February 2012, Available from: http://smallbusiness. chron. com/implementation-projects-important-strategic-planning-project-manager-18215. html 3) Shangri-La 2012, (International Hotel Management Ltd. ) viewed 23 February 2012, Available from: http://www. shangri-la. com/en/corporate/aboutus/overview 4) How to cite Strategic Plan of Shangri-La Hotel, Essay examples

Pashmina Clothing Line Of Nepal Nepalese Pashmina

Question: Explain Pashmina Clothing Line of Nepal. Answer: Introduction: Pashmina refers to the kind of textile that made with the combination of cashmere and silk. However, many argue that pashmina is not only the blend of this two only, in fact it is the higher grade of cashmere. Pashmina comes from a Persian word Pash that refers to fur of specific Tibetan animals, primarily goats. The clothing made of pashmina is extremely popular all across the world. The majority of the total amount of pashmina produced and delivered from the Nepal. Even, Nepal offers several types of pashmina that actually have the potential to meet the need of the people from all across the world. Especially, the countries like Australia where the weather fluctuates in every session. Clothing products from different types of Pashmina that manufactured in Nepal can actually become very popular in these countries market. In addition, as the technology in the clothing industry is improving day by day, it actually helping the products made from pashmina to introduce new and unique typ es of clothing segment that have the potential to grab the market of the entire world. Furthermore, Nepal market is too small for the product like pashmina clothing, as it has the potential to grab the entire world market. In this study, the focus is on the hypothesis that evaluate whether the introduction of pashmina product on the Australian market can have the expected amount of impact or not. Literature review: Marketplace: According to Ben et al. (2015) any business have to target those particular markets which covers more and more people. Australia as a marketplace is huge. In addition, the country has different types of climates from the extreme hot to very cold. As a result of that, the citizens of the Australia utilizes several types of clothing lines. This induces clothing lines made from the product like pashmina the opportunity to grab the major portion of the market. According to BUCKRIDGE (2014) different types of weather does play a huge part in increasing the demand of pashmina clothing in the Australian market. In fact, the demand for the pashmina product in the Australian market is so much higher, it actually experiences a supply gap. As per the article by Campbell (2015) successful introduction of any product in a particular market depends on the potential desire or needs of the customers of that particular market. Therefore, as the Australian market is experiencing supply gap over the pa st few years in the pashmina clothing category, it is the perfect time to target the market to introduce more and more pashmina clothing. As opined by Carrigan and Bosangit (2016) the prominent quality of pashmina manufactured in the Nepal market. Therefore, pashmina clothing that manufactured in Nepal do have competitive advantage in the market. Competitive advantage does help companies to gain popularity in the new marketplace. Chang (2013) mentioned moderate climate and casual lifestyle leads major portion of the Australian citizen to spend less on clothing as compared to other European economies. In 2014, clothing retail turnover in the Australian market was estimated around AUD$17 billion and if the estimation includes clothing sales in the departmental stores, the turnover rises up to AUD$21 billion. From the international perspectives, Australias population is near about the one third of the population of the United Kingdom but the estimated figures represent that the citizen of Australia actually spend one seventh of the amount in the clothing that United Kingdom spent. This depicts the fact that introduction of pashmina clothing in the Australian market can actually have lesser impact than introduction of the same in the United Kingdom or USA market. However, as Nepal is considered as the hub of manufacturing clothing product made from pashmina. It is much more easier for the marketers to target Australian market as compared to other European market. In fact, iarnien and Vienaindien (2014) mentioned that the transport or import-export cost in the Australian market is comparatively cheaper than other European market. Therefore, if the marketers can actually develop effective value chain strategy for the introduction of pashmina clothing product in the international market, it definitely can able to generate huge amount of revenue. By contrast D'Souza (2015) mentioned that Australian garment market is comparatively thin, as the citizens spend major portion of their income in the household, transport and communication equipment. Still it probably poses the greater market compared to other Asian countries. In addition, Australia is considered as one of the major tourist destination of the world. Therefore, people from all over the wo rld purchase clothing and accessories from the Australian market. Hence, targeting Australia for the introduction of the pashmina clothing can actually provide marketers the optimum international exposures that they are willing to achieve. Effectiveness of starting up a business regarding pashmina clothing of Nepal: As a raw material for the development of the clothing, pashmina is considered among the finest. Since, the wool that made from pashmina is considered among the softest and most luxurious wool made around the world. It requires specific atmosphere for the manufacturing of the pashmina product. As a result, it does not have face that much competitions as compared to those clothing garments that developed from other raw materials. Gibson (2015) mentioned that unique product offering does have huge amount of impact on the development of the new market. Since, it provides the customer complete new range of products. Introduction of pashmina clothing can actually give huge amount of influence on the business activity. As mentioned earlier, different types climate induces the people of Australia to purchase various types of woolen garments. This garments made of various type of raw materials. According to Ishfaq (2015) only 15% of the total woolen garment that used in the Australia are actu ally made by utilizing pashmina. It indicates that there is a huge potential market that yet to be captured by the marketer. In addition, Nepal manufactured variety of pashmina products like cashmere, angora, karakul, merino, shahtoosh etc. Jia et al. (2016) mentioned that the fiber manufacture from these various type of pashmina is extremely soft. Therefore, it is very popular among the Australian people. However, Lee, Kim and Yang (2015) highlighted the fact that effectiveness of introduction of any product into a new market actually depends on several factors. Firstly, the marketers of the pashmina clothing have to identify the kind of competition they have to face at the time of introducing the pashmina products line. As per the article by Marks (2013) competitors analysis is extremely crucial, as it will help the marketers to develop strategies that can counter the strategies of the competitors. In fact, it will help the marketers to identify the market and also evaluate the exact type of needs that the citizen of Australia possesses. This analysis will help the marketers of pashmina clothing to targe t the ideal customers. Melchior (2012) mentioned the fact that successful introduction of new product with minimum financial outlay, it is very important to focus exclusively on those part of the market that the marketers feels has the greater chances of gaining popularity. However, to target those customers or those parts of the market, marketers first have to identify the portion, which are purchasing similar type of products. Oh and Prasai (2012) mentioned the fact that it is easier to fill the needs of the customers than to create a need. Thus, effective strategy for developing market in Australia will also have to focus on to fill up the needs of the potential customers by providing similar type of stylish clothing that is made out of pashmina. According to Poudel, Hellmann and Perera (2014) effective strategy for developing new market in Australia will also have to consider developing unique value proposition for the pashmina product. Since, current business environment is changing all the time, introduction of a product in to a new market demands huge challenges for the company. As per Prasai (2014) effective introduction of pashmina product line the marketers have to develop value proposition that they will provide to the customers and then they have to consider about the exploitation that the marketers engages regarding to selling and marketing the value of the brand and realizing its objectives. Developing value proposition also will help the marketers to create popularity of the pashmina product in the new market. Marketing strategy also plays a key role in developing effective market for the marketers of the pashmina product line. Since, effectiveness of introducing of any product highly depended on the kind of awareness that the company has able to spread about the particular product. As without creating awareness, no product can actually able to grab a significant portion of the market share, the marketers also have to implement marketing strategy so that the potential customer can actually able to gain major portion of the market share. Popularity of pashmina clothing will also depend on the pricing strategy, which the marketers select to gain major portion of the market. Since, the marketers have to conduct import export services to provide pashmina clothing in the Australian market. The pricing strategy of this clothing will have several layers. The marketers have to initiate trademark to their product. So that consumers can actually able to identify the product from the rest of the mark et. According Rana et al. (2015) trademark is highly associated with the emotion of the customers. Since, they perceive that the product with specific trademark will actually help the pashmina industry to spread their business not only in Australia but on the entire world. Scholar (2016) mentioned that Nepalese pashmina clothing is actually registered in total 38 countries of the world. This allows the marketers to easily utilize market of these countries for the purpose increasing the present level sales. In last few years, Nepalese pashmina industry has able to grow up to 20%, which allows the marketers a significant amount of excessive pashmina to export in the foreign countries. Especially, in the Asian countries, clothing line of pashmina product has able to gain huge popularity will its stylish and useful product line. Over the years, the product made from the pashmina of Nepal has able to gain huge portion of the market. Future of pashmina clothing business in the Australian market: As mentioned earlier, pashmina clothing line has able to gain popularity in the world market with its unique and high quality product. However, after the adulteration of the pashmina clothing, the business of the Nepalese pashmina have experienced huge amount of drop in the world market. At the time of 1999 to 2000, 7.5 billion rupees of pashmina was exported in the world market, which come down to 1.3 billion in the year of 2010. Studies identified the fact that the drop in the demand for the Nepalese pashmina product is due to the supply of product, which is not up to the expected quality of the customers. In fact, many cases have identified the fact Nepal pashmina clothing actually exported with mix of other wools. According to Shakyawar et al. (2015) these incident have made serious impact on the worldwide businesses of the of the Nepalese pashmina clothing. As a result of that the introduction of pashmina product line will have to go through several challenges that the marketer have to deal with in order to place the product effectively in the world market. As opined by Turney (2013) to effectively introduce product in the Australian market, the marketers first have to regain the trust of the customers that there will no issues regarding the quality of the delivered product. Since, customers expected to have the best quality of product available in the market, when they are looking purchase pashmina product line. Poudel, Hellmann and Perera (2014) mentioned the fact that pashmina product has able to gain huge amount of popularity among the people all over the world because of the Parisian designers. Since, they illustrated various kind of product range made from the Nepalese pashmina in late 1990s. Before that, pashmina clothing only considered for the traditional wear, which created huge amount of negative impact on the worldwide businesses of the product. Particularly with the modern Australian culture, traditional wear just does not goes with the people. Hence, the product has struggled to establish itself as a premier clothing line. However, as more and more research is happening all over the world to introduce clothing that can goes with all kinds of culture and personality, pashmina also has able to gain popularity in the market slowly. In fact, the drop of businesses in the recent years is not because of that the pashmina product has not able to cope up with the change in thoughts and culture but it happened because of the lack of quality. However, introduction of clothing product in the Australian market is very tuff. Since, the market of clothing line is already filled up with the huge number of competitors. Furthermore, each and every marketers is looking to implement strategy that can potentially outplace its competitors in the market. As a result of that, pashmina clothing line will also have to face immense competition from the competitors like The Industry Association for Direct Selling in Australia and Zelda Cashmere International Pty Ltd. For that reason if pashmina product line cannot able to adopt strategies that can actually counter the strategies of these competitors, it can never able to introduce itself successfully in the market. In addition, the marketers of pashmina product line will also have to face challenges from the online trading market. As the entire world is technologically evolving, every day new technologies are also coming up that changing the process of the businesses. In current time, e-commerce has come up as one of the major player of the world market that completely changes the way of businesses. Since, people can actually purchase those products of any kind with the use of the e-commerce sites, which is not easily available in the market. Hence, introduction of Nepalese pashmina clothing in the Australian market will have to face immense competition from the online competitors like cashmere zone, pashmina online, pashmina passion, pashminastore.com, myer.com and many more. Hence, marketers will have to enforce crucial strategies in order to secure the future of the Nepalese pashmina clothing in the Australian market. Literature gap: The above analysis highlighted the fact that introduction of pashmina clothing line will have to face many challenges in the Australian market. Hence, marketer will have to be extremely careful at the introduction stage of pashmina clothing. Since, pashmina clothing is generally available at a higher price. Target market of marketers will have to be high-level income group people. However, as the goal regarding the introduction of pashmina clothing is to grab comparatively unaffected market of Australia, marketers also have to target other income level groups as well. Since, pashmina clothing have huge potential, the entire Australian market will have to consider as the market size. Marketers will have to focus on the advance technology such as social media marketing, mobile marketing, and email marketing to grab the attention of the high-income level group of the Australian market. As mentioned earlier, Australian people like to use different types of clothing. As a result, marketer s will have to face competition from all other types of fabrics used in the clothing industry. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it can be evaluated that pashmina clothing line of Nepal still has huge amount of potential to grab major portion of the world clothing market. However, the clothing line will have to go through huge amount of challenges at the time of introduction in the world market. The study also evaluated the fact that the expected amount of impact by the introduction of the pashmina product can only be achieve by the marketers if they were able to implement marketing strategies successfully in the market. Hence, no clear-cut conclusion can be made on the expected outcome of the introduction of the pashmina clothing in the Australian market. The impact actually depends on many other factors as well. References: Ben Shalom, A., Greenstein, L., Steiner, E. and Teomim, D., Ben Shalom and Amir, 2015.FLEXIBLE CONDUCTING MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF. U.S. Patent 20,150,294,756. BUCKRIDGE, S.O., 2014. The rubaha, or Russian folk tunic, is a traditional Russian ankle-length, long-sleeved womens clothing usually worn under a sarafan dress or a poneva skirt (in the manner of an underdress).Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia, p.250. Campbell, V., 2015. The Red Pashmina. InThe Memory of Clothes(pp. 3-6). SensePublishers. Carrigan, M. and Bosangit, C., 2016. 5 The Challenges of Responsible Marketing and Consumption.Ethics and Morality in Consumption: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, p.75. Chang, A., 2013.Clothing and covering system with various functions. U.S. Patent Application 14/089,362. iarnien, R. and Vienaindien, M., 2014. Management of contemporary fashion industry: characteristics and challenges.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,156, pp.63-68. D'Souza, C., 2015. Marketing Challenges for an Eco-fashion Brand: A Case Study.Fashion Theory,19(1), pp.67-82. Gibson, R. ed., 2015.The Memory of Clothes. Springer. Ishfaq, M., 2015. Infrared technology and its applications in textile recycling technology: improving sustainability in clothing Industry. Jia, G., Wang, J., Zhang, R., Zong, H. and Yao, J., 2016. Red Collar Group in QingdaoHigh-End Clothing Customization Service. InManufacturing Servitization in the Asia-Pacific(pp. 289-315). Springer Singapore. Lee, S.H.N., Kim, H. and Yang, K., 2015. Impacts of sustainable value and business stewardship on lifestyle practices in clothing consumption.Fashion and Textiles,2(1), pp.1-18. Marks, A., 2013. The Globalization of the Australian Textile, Clothing, Footwear and Motor Vehicle Industries: Results in Line with Other Western Market Economies.Global Economy Journal,13(1), pp.129-150. Melchior, M.R., 2012. Exhibition Review: Power of Fashion300 Years of Clothing.Fashion Theory,16(3), pp.355-363. Oh, J. and Prasai, L.P., 2012. Does gravity matter? Evidence from Nepals trade pattern.International Area Studies Review,15(2), pp.161-175. Poudel, G., Hellmann, A. and Perera, H., 2014. The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in a non-colonized developing country: The case of Nepal.Advances in Accounting,30(1), pp.209-216. Prasai, L.P., 2014. Foreign Trade Pattern of Nepal: Gravity Model Approach.NRB Economic Review,26(1), pp.24-43. Rana, S., Pichandi, S., Karunamoorthy, S., Bhattacharyya, A., Parveen, S. and Fangueiro, R., 2015. 7 Carbon Footprint of Textile.Handbook of Sustainable Apparel Production, p.141. Scholar, P.D., 2016. Subjective Testing for Clothing Comfort. Shakyawar, D.B., Raja, A.S.M., Wani, S.A., Kadam, V.V. and Pareek, P.K., 2015. Low-stress mechanical properties of pashmina shawls prepared from pure hand spun, machine spun and pashmina-wool blend yarn.The Journal of The Textile Institute,106(3), pp.327-333. Turney, J., 2013. Transnational Clothing.Interactions: Studies in Communication Culture,4(1), pp.3-5.

Js Mill Essays - Classical Liberalism, Libertarian Theory, Rights

Js Mill John Locke believes that man ought to have more freedom in political society than John Stuart Mill does. John Locke's The Second Treatise of Government and John Stuart Mill's On Liberty are influential and potent literary works which while outlining the conceptual framework of each thinkers ideal state present two divergent visions of the very nature of man and his freedom. John Locke and John Stuart Mill have different views regarding how much freedom man ought to have in political society because they have different views regarding man's basic potential for inherently good or evil behavior, as well as the ends or purpose of political societies. In order to examine how each thinker views man and the freedom he ought to have in political society it is necessary to define freedom or liberty from each philosophers perspective. In The Second Treatise of Government, John Locke states his belief that all men exist in a state of perfect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and person as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave or depending upon the will of any other man. (Locke 4) Locke believes that man exists in a state of nature and thus exists in a state of uncontrollable liberty which has only the law of nature to restrict it, which is reason. (Locke 5) However Locke does state that man does not have the license to destroy himself or any other creature in his possession unless a legitimate purpose requires it. Locke emphasizes the ability and opportunity to own and profit from property as being necessary to be free. In On Liberty John Stuart Mill defines liberty in relation to three spheres; each successive sphere progressively encompasses and defines more elements relating to political society. The first sphere consists of the individuals inward domain of consciousness; demanding liberty of conscious in the most comprehensive sense; liberty of thought and feeling; absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment on all subjects, practical or speculative, scientific, moral, or theological. (Mill 13) The second sphere of Mill's definition encompasses the general freedoms which allow an individual to freely peruse a ...life to suit our own character; of doing as we like... (Mill 13). Mill also states that these freedoms must not be interfered with by fellow creatures, so long as what we do does not harm them... (Mill 13), no matter how odd, offensive and or immoral they may seem to others. The final sphere of Mill's definition of liberty is a combination of the first two. He states that ...the freedom to unite, for any purpose not involving harm to others: the persons combining being supposed to be of full age, and not forced and or deceived. (Mill 14) Locke and Mill's definitions of freedom must be qualified. Since the definitions they present in their respective literature are distinct from one another, when each philosopher refers to freedom or liberty they are not citing the same concept. This distinction is necessary when comparing their positions regarding the amount of freedom man should have in a political society. What one philosopher considers an overt an perverse abuse of liberty the other may consider the action completely legitimate and justifiable. John Locke believes that men should be virtually unrestricted and free in political society. Locke's rational for this liberal position lies in the twin foundation of man's naturally good inclinations and the specific and limited ends Locke believes political societies ought to have. According to Locke the only freedoms men should lose when entering into a political society are equality, liberty and executive power they has in the state of nature into the hands of society. (Locke 73) In Locke's ideal society this fails to limit or remove any freedom from the individual, it only removes the responsibility of protecting these freedoms from the individual and places it on the state. John Stuart Mill believes that man's should be strictly limited in political society. Mill differs from Locke in the basic principle that individual who enjoy the benefits of living in political societies owe a return for the protection society offers. Mill believes for society to function properly conduct of

Why Write a Follow Up Email After Sending Resume

Why Write a Follow Up Email After Sending Resume Writing resumes is often a huge, anxiety-ridden feat. You need to follow certain rules to complete a resume. But dont worry you can always ask our experts to write your resume. After sending resumes, most people want to sit back and relax, considering their part of the job hunt over. However, theres an important step after youve sent out your resume. Ignoring it may cause you to miss some opportunities. Sending a follow-up email can make the crucial difference between getting a call for an interview or getting left in the discard pile. A follow-up email accomplishes a lot of things: It ensures that your email wasnt lost and/or that your resume made it into the right hands. It shows that you have initiative and that youre really interested in the position. Even if the hiring manager already looked through your resume, sending a follow-up email will cause them to pay special attention to it. When sending out your follow-up email, bear the following tips in mind: Send a Message to Your Contact If you happen to have a contact within the company you applied to, go ahead and send them a message letting them know that you sent your resume but havent had a response yet. They may be able to give you an insiders scoop on why not. It could be that the hiring manager is on vacation or the company is in the middle of a major overhaul. Or this may just be standard for them to take a long time before replying. Any heads up you can get from your contact will help you relax a little bit while you wait for a reply. Send a Message to Human Resources If you dont have a contact and you sent your resume blind, then you should do some research to find out who the companys human resources head is and shoot them an email about your resume. Sending an email directly to them will make you stand out from the crowd who didnt put the time or effort into finding out who would be hiring them. Be Brief Your message should be around 100 words. Dont ramble or bring up non-relevant topics. Be professional. Introduce yourself by including your full name and job title. Then include your reason for writing: I sent my resume to your company on December 5th and would like to make sure that it was received. Restate Your Skills and Experiences Go ahead and summarize your resumes highlights. This will help trigger their memory if they did read your resume and hopefully spark their interest in reading it if they havent. I have a Masters in Fine Arts and worked for five years as director of the Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco. Ive recently relocated to New York and am seeking a position at your museum. Thank Them for Their Time Showing some courtesy goes a long way. A lot of hiring managers are busy and its a drag to read resumes and check references so make sure you tell them: Thank you for taking the time to consider my resume. Re-attach Your Resume If, for some reason, your resume got lost in cyberspace or if they havent gotten around to reading it yet, make it easy for them. You can also benefit from such a situation because you will have one more chance to check if everything is good with your resume. You can even strengthen your resume by adding good adjectives for resume that you can find on our blog. Go ahead and re-attach your resume so they can have it at their fingertips after reading your email. That way they dont have to go digging around through their email to find it. If after looking through your resume, youve found out that it should be rewritten, follow these 8 steps to writing a magnetic resume. Send Another Email After Two Weeks If you havent heard back from them after two more weeks, go ahead and shoot off another email. Follow the same protocol as above, only this time its not necessary to re-attach your resume. And Another Two Weeks Later Try one more time, and if you dont hear back after that, you might have to accept that you struck out on this one. At least then you can start to focus your energy on other companies and will hopefully have earned some other interviews by then. Have any resume tricks up your sleeve? Wed appreciate your comments and suggestions!

The Iliad Book One by Homer - Summary

The Iliad Book One by Homer - Summary | Summary of Iliad Book I | Main Characters | Notes | Iliad Study Guide Song of the Wrath of Achilles In the very first line of the Iliad, the poet addresses the Muse, who inspires him with song, and asks her to sing (through him) the story of the wrath of the son of Peleus, aka Achilles. Achilles is angry with King Agamemnon for reasons shortly to be divulged, but first, the poet lays blame at the feet of Achilles for the death of many of the Achaean warriors. (Homer refers to the Greeks as Achaeans or Argives or Danaans, but we call them Greeks, so Ill use the term Greek throughout.) The poet then also blames the son of Zeus and Leto, aka Apollo, who has sent a plague to kill the Greeks. (The parallel blame of gods and mortals is common throughout the Iliad.) Apollo the Mouse God Before returning to the wrath of Achilles, the poet elaborates Apollos motives for killing Greeks. Agamemnon holds the daughter of Apollos priest Chryses (Chryseis). Chryses is willing to forgive and even bless Agamemnons ventures, if Agamemnon will return Chryses daughter, but instead, the haughty King Agamemnon sends Chryses packing. Calchas Prophecy To repay the indignity Chryses has suffered, Apollo, the mouse god, rains arrows of plague on the Greek forces for 9 days. (Rodents do spread plague, so the association between a divine mouse function and delivering plague makes sense, even if the Greeks werent completely aware of the connection.) The Greeks dont know why Apollo is angry, so Achilles persuades them to consult the seer Calchas, which they do. Calchas reveals Agamemnons responsibility. He adds that the plague will only lift if the dishonor is amended: Chryses daughter must be freely restored to her father, and appropriate offerings made to Apollo. Trade of Briseis Agamemnon is not pleased with the prophecy, but realizes he must comply, so he agrees, conditionally: Achilles must hand over to Agamemnon Briseis. Achilles had received Briseis as a war prize from the sack of Thebe, a city in Cilicia, where Achilles had killed Eetion, father of the Trojan prince Hectors wife, Andromache. Since then, Achilles had grown very attached to her. Achilles Stops Fighting for the Greeks Achilles agrees to hand over Briseis because Athena (one of the 3 goddesses, together with Aphrodite and Hera, who was involved in the judgment of Paris, a war goddess, and the sister of the war god Ares), tells him to. However, at the same time he surrenders Briseis, Achilles sulkily quits the Greek forces. Thetis Petitions Zeus on Behalf of Her Son Achilles complains to his nymph mother Thetis, who, in turn, brings the complaint to Zeus, the king of the gods. Thetis says that since Agamemnon has dishonored her son, Zeus should honor Achilles. Zeus agrees, but faces the wrath of his wife, Hera, queen of the gods, for his involvement in the conflict. When Zeus angrily dismisses Hera, the queen of the gods turns to her son Hephaestus, who comforts her. However, Hephaestus wont help Hera because he still vividly recalls the anger of Zeus when he pushed him off Mt. Olympus. (Hephaestus is depicted as lame as a result of the fall, although this is not specified here.) English Translation of | Summary of Iliad Book I | Characters | Notes| Iliad Study Guide The Muse - without the inspiration of the Muse, Homer couldnt write. There were three Muses originally, Aoede (song), Melete (pracice), and Mneme (memory), and later nine. They were the daughters of Mnemosyne (Memory). The Muse of song was Calliope. Achilles - best warrior and most heroic of the Greeks, although he is sitting out the war. Agamemnon - lead king of the Greek forces, the brother of Menelaus. Zeus - king of the gods. Zeus attempts neutrality.Known as Jupiter or Jove among the Romans and in some translations of the Iliad. Apollo - god of many attributes. In Book I Apollo is known as the mouse and therefore plague god. He is upset with the Greeks because they have dishonored him by insulting one of his priests. Hera - queen of the gods, wife and sister of Zeus. Hera is on the side of the Greeks.Known as Juno among the Romans and in some translations of the Iliad. Hephaestus - blacksmith god, son of HeraKnown as Vulcan among the Romans and in some translations of the Iliad . Chryses - priest of Apollo. His daughter is Chryseis, who was taken as a war prize by Agamemnon. Calchas - seer for the Greeks. Athena - a war goddess who especially favors Odysseus and other heroes. Athena is on the side of the Greeks.Known as Minerva among the Romans and in some translations of the Iliad. Profiles of Some of the Major Olympian Gods Involved in the Trojan War HermesZeusAphroditeArtemisApolloAthenaHeraAres Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book I Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book II Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book III Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book IV Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book V Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book VI Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book VII Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book VIII Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book IX Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book X Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XI Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XII Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XIII Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XIV Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XV Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XVI Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XVII Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XVIII Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XIX Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XX Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XXI Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XXII Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XXIII Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XXIV English Translation of | Summary | Main Characters | Notes on Iliad Book I| Iliad Study Guide The following are comments that occurred to me while reading English translations of Book I of the Iliad. Many of them are very basic and may be obvious. I hope they will be useful for people who are reading the Iliad as their first introduction to ancient Greek literature. O goddessThe ancient poets gave the gods and goddesses credit for many things, including the inspiration to write. When Homer calls on the goddess, he is asking the goddess known as Muse to help him write. The number of muses varied and they became specialized. to HadesHades is the god of the Underworld and a son of Cronus, making him the brother of Zeus, Poseidon, Demeter, Hera, and Hestia. The Greeks had a vision of an afterlife that includes having a king and queen (Hades and Persephone, daughter of Demeter) on thrones, various realms to which people were sent depending on how good they were in life, a river that had to be crossed via a ferry and a three-headed (or more) watchdog named Cerberus. The living feared that when they died they might be left standing on the other side of the river waiting to cross because the body was unburied or there was no coin for the ferryman. many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vulturesWe tend to think that once youre dead, youre dead, and what happens to your body makes no difference, but to the Greeks, it was important for the body to be in good shape. It would then be put on a funeral pyre and burned, so it would seem it makes no difference what it was like, but the Greeks also made sacrifices to the gods by means of burning animals. These animals had to be the best and unblemished. In other words, just because the body would be burned did not mean the body could be in less than pristine shape.Later in the Iliad, this almost obsessive need for a body in good shape causes the Greeks and Trojans to fight over Patroclus, whose head the Trojans wish to remove and put on a spike, and over the corpse of Hector, which Achilles does everything he can to abuse, but without success, because the gods watch over it. so as to take away the plague from us.Apollo shot silver arrows that could kill humans with the plague. Although there may be some debate over the etymology, Apollo appears to have been known as a Mouse god, probably because of a recognition of the connection between rodents and disease. augursthrough the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired himAugurs could predict the future and tell the will of the gods. Apollo was particularly associated with prophesy and is considered the god who inspires the oracle at Delphi. A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it. Consider, therefore, whether or no you will protect me.Achilles is here asked to protect the prophet against the will of Agamemnon. Since Agamemnon is the most powerful king, Achilles must be pretty strong to be able to offer his protection. In Book 24, when Priam visits him, Achilles tells him to sleep on the porch so that any possible emissary from Agamemnon will not see him because, in this case, Achilles would not be strong enough or willing to protect him. I have set my heart on keeping her in my own house, for I love her better even than my own wife Clytemnestra, whose peer she is alike in form and feature, in understanding and accomplishments.Agamemnon says he loves Chrseis better than his own wife Clytemnestra. It is not really saying a lot. After the fall of Troy, when Agamemnon goes home, he takes along a concubine whom he publicly displays to Clytemnestra, antagonizing her even more than he already has by sacrificing their daughter to Artemis to ensure a successful sailing for his fleet. He seems to love her as property, as Achilles recognizes.... And Achilles answered, Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankindAchilles comments on how greedy the king is. Achilles is not as powerful as Agamemnon, and ultimately, cant stand against him; however, he can be and is very annoying. Then Agamemnon said, Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me. You shall not overreach and you shall not persuade me.Agamemnon rightly accuses Achilles of over-reaching and by taunting the king, provokes him to insist on taking Achilles prize. What though you be brave? Was it not heaven that made you so?Achilles is renowned for his bravery, but Agamemnon says it is no big deal, since it is a gift of the gods. There are many biases/alien attitudes in the Iliad. The pro-Trojan gods are weaker than the pro-Greek. Heroism comes only to those noble birth. Agamemnon is superior because he is more powerful. Same with Zeus, vis a vis Poseidon and Hades. Achilles is too proud to settle for an ordinary life. Zeus has much contempt for his wife. Death can confer honor, but so can trophies of battle. A woman is worth a few oxen, but is worth less than certain other animals. Return to Books of the Iliad

The Strategic Context of Projects Research Paper

The Strategic Context of Projects - Research Paper Example First, the project team must resolve schedule issue. The team must resolve when each phase of the entire project will be started. The same team should also determine when each phase of the project should stop. The team must decide which schedule should go first. Second, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve priorities issue. The project team should decide who will make the priority list. The same project team must decide which portion of the each phase should go first. The same project team must decide with which part of each phase must begin. The same team will decide which portion of each phase will start next. The project team will determine which portion of the entire phase will have third priority each phase of the entire project. Third, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve resources issue. The project team leader will decide which resources will be uses in each phase of the entire project. The same project team leader will decide which sources should not be included in the entire project. The project team leader will decide on the quality of the resources used during the entire project. Fourth, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve technical beliefs issue. ... Further, step two of the technical beliefs issue focuses on forcing the employees to implement the project team manager’s decisions. The manager must implement the best alternative in resolving the prior problem solving issue. The team manager should force the subordinates’ immediate compliance with management decisions, immediately and whole-heartedly. The manager must implement a win-win solution to resolve the current problem solving endeavor. Furthermore, step three of the same technical beliefs issue centers on the team manager compromising with the disgruntled subordinates. The in compromising, both management and subordinates will meet halfway. The meeting halfway step means giving up some of the parties’ original demands or requests. Reducing disgruntlement increases project team output. Fifth, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve administrative policies and process issue. The management should resolve new policies or current poli cies to improve the entities’ overall financial performance. Project team management explains the many benefits of implementing the new company policy and process. The same project team management should reduce resistance to administrative policies and processes by having a brainstorming session. All individuals are given free reign to give their comments, suggestions, disillusionment, and other inputs as a basis for problem solving issues. Sixth, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve the project cost issue. The team manager will get quotes from different suppliers. The project team managers will decide to buy the company’s requirements by electing the product or service offering the most reasonably cost. The project team manager must

The defence of self-defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The defence of self-defence - Essay Example An individual is allowed in the eyes of the statutory defence to make use of reasonable force in an attempt to avoid committing a crime in such situations in which the individual cannot use the common law to avail himself. It is for the jury to decide as ordinary members of the community what exactly can be qualified as reasonable force in a certain case considering its individualistic facts. Ross is physically a very strong man, and he needed to protect himself not only against the first attempt of Samantha to injure or kill him but also her subsequent attempts. He needed to use at least as much force that would help him achieve that. His use of force did not instantly cause the death of Samantha. Therefore, Ross is innocent in the case of Samantha’s death. The defence of self-defence In the case under consideration, although Ross may be blamed for killing David, yet the blame that has been placed on him for killing Samantha is not right because what he did was an attempt to defend himself from the harm that Samantha was just about to cause him with her golf club. Self-defence makes a very important part of the English law’s doctrine of private defence. Ross should not be found guilty of the murder of Samantha and the defence of self-defence should have been put to the jury. ... English law has self-defence as a complete defence of justification in any case that includes any kind of assault. This makes self-defence unlike the loss of control that applies just for the mitigation of what would be classified as murder to manslaughter otherwise. Unlike loss of control, self-defence is a complete defence. Because of this completeness, the interpretation of self-defence is done in a comparatively conservative manner in order to avoid the development of a justification standard that is too generous. Increasingly forgiving defences provide the cynical defendants with greater incentives of the defence’s exploitation in their planning of the use of violence as well as when they have to make an explanation of the matters following the incident. Jury in the cases involving self-defence are entitled to consider the defendant’s physical characteristics, though such evidence does not have much probative value in reaching the decision if excessive force was im plied. According to the principle of general common law, â€Å"A defendant is entitled to use reasonable force to protect himself, others for whom he is responsible and his property. It must be reasonable† (Beckford v R (1988) 1 AC 130 cited in Smart Self Defence, 2011). In the case under consideration, Ross is a heavy man who is more than six feet in height whereas Samantha is petite with a total height of only five feet and three inches. Ross’ above average physical structure and excessive strength in comparison to Samantha along with Samantha’s below average height may give Ross some advantage in the eyes of law since not only Ross was too powerful, but also Samantha was too petite in

Performance Measurement Essay Example for Free

Performance Measurement Essay Performance measurement tools have been used by many organizations or companies these days as one of their strategies in achieving success. Specifically, this tool is useful for detailed evaluation of the production process of one company, provide extensive guidance for the decision making process, and assess the performance of the company departments and individual employees. In general, measurement tools are created to give the company an easier access to a feedback system regarding its consistency in achieving their goals, and to provide them with options on how they can improve their current process. Basically, it gives companies a preview of how they are currently performing and where they might be heading. Another benefit of having a performance system is being able to better motivate the employees to do better with their jobs. However, such tool also has its consequences and the company should also be ready for it. Managers can easily monitor how their employees are doing by having a performance measurement tool. And one way for them to make their work performance consistent is by having a reward system. With this employees will really work harder with the hopes of attaining the reward. There have been many records and surveys that testified to the positive impacts of performance measurement tools to the employee work performance. In the US Municipalities, 9.6% of the respondents found the tool substantial, and 33.3% find it moderate. Moreover, these results are supported by the same survey conducted in other US counties, which gathered 31.5% of the respondents agreed to the accurate effectiveness of the performance measurement tool. In terms of its impact on employee motivation, 32-68% of the respondents agreed to its effectiveness. All these records only suggest that there are many organizational aspects that the performance measurement tool can improve. Below are some of the major points to consider to ensure that a company has a good performance measurement system are: †¢ The results should be kept clear and brief. †¢ A company has polished both its internal and external communication †¢ Employees and other stakeholders should know about the performance measurement tool. †¢ The manager should be able to establish a proper implementation of the performance measurement tool. †¢ Whatever results gained from performance measurement should be reflected with the employees’ salary, incentives, and recognition. Organizations have many ways of reflecting the results of the performance measurement results by giving them either monetary rewards, or additional off days. It is also ethical for an employee to receive a feedback directly from his or her supervisor, whether it is a positive or negative feedback. One of the most popularly used performance measurement tool is the dashboard. The most important information about the company can be found in the dashboard, such as the target and performance data reports, which can be printed out through a spreadsheet on a regular basis. This makes it easier for managers to access whatever information they need, instead of constantly waiting for someone else to give it to them. Information such as performance of the employees, organizational productivity, custom orders, and order fulfillment are some of the necessary information for managers. From this accessible information, the managers can readily make decisions for the company or with regards to any issue. Dashboards used to be highly static, meaning it is only capable of providing one preview of a data at a time. However, due to the technological advancements, dashboards are growing to be more interactive. Now, it is already possible for the users to upload their own data on the dashboard (Carr, 2008). Motorola first invented the six-sigma in 1980s, with the goal of providing better quality for the processes in various businesses, which many hug and small businesses are already using. This program is very useful in ensuring customer value and reliability. It was initially developed for quality control of businesses, but later on, companies are starting to use it to improve their communication system, thus resulting to more improved processes in companies. The major result of this is still higher quality of outputs. Apparently, the six-sigma program was developed for the sole purpose of enhancing the business processes, such as the variation reduction and financial reporting. Because of the goals, the result of the six-sigma program is well-improved customer satisfaction of most businesses. The technology behind this program is DMAIC methodology or defines, measure, analyze, improve, and control. Define stage is where the problem is identified, and then it is quantified during the measure stage. The causes of the problem are then identified during the analyze stage. Improving stage is when the problems are fixed. Finally, the control phase is putting everything in place assuring that the problem will not happen again (Six-sigma program, 2004). Perhaps, almost any type of organization has already experienced having a project fail. Any project failure can cost an organization a lot of millions. Common reasons for a failed project are cancellation and failure to complete it at the given timeline. Moreover, failure to specify project details will also lead to its failure, as well as lack of communication and project management. Finally, the major factor that leads to project failure is the lack of project measurement. It is one aspect of the project that actually sports any issue on the project and address them before the proper project kick off and implementation. These are some of the project development and implementation based on the EDA PM system: †¢ Performance measurement should be used to determine possible hindrances to a project. †¢ Project must be according to the priorities of the project. †¢ A strong project management system should be well established. †¢ It should be noted that implementation of the PM system can take a lot of time, effort, and at some point, money. Thus, a company should have the most competent staff to work on it, with the close monitoring and support of the top management. †¢ Performance measurement can also be used to easily recognize achievements from thee project. †¢ The duties and responsibilities should be clearly set for the entire phase from project planning to implementation †¢ Performance measurement will clearly identify the needs of the project. †¢ Consistency should be observed in terms of the project development and implementation with the company objectives and expected deliverables. In this method, the collect, analyze, interpret and report process in the project measurement should be identified. †¢ Business processes should include the project performance measurement in order for them to systematically collect, analyze, interpret, and report whatever is derived from the project development. †¢ Performance measurement should be objective, just, quantifiable, and results oriented, while including substantial qualitative information (Shayne, 2004). Performance measurement can have different functions: customer satisfaction, business development, employee motivation, and business process enhancement. It has been widely used as a tool to motivate employees to do better in their jobs, with the promise of incentives or rewards. Having a pool of motivated employees will eventually lead to high quality outputs. Moreover, performance measurement will allow a company to operate according to their goals, and have a way to analyze how the output of their current processes will go. It will also give the company a chance to improve certain areas, which they think are more useful in achieving their goals. Performance measurement is also a reliable tool for managers for their decision-making processes, because of its objectivity. References Carr, N. (2008). The Data Dashboard. American School Board Journal, 195(12), 42. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from Master FILE Premier database. Mausolff, C., Spence, J. (2008). Performance Measurement and Program Effectiveness: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(6), 595-615. doi:10.1080/01900690701640929. Shayne, B. (2004). Performance-Measurement. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from http://www.performance-measurement.net SIX-SIGMA PROGRAM. (2004). In Encyclopedia of Health Care Management, Sage. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/sageeohcm/six_sigma_program

Power of the Quake Essay -- essays research papers fc

Power of the quake When humans are under tremendous pressure, they are told that they should try and relieve some stress. The same is true of mother earth when she is under a terrible strain; she has to relieve some stress, only Earths version of blowing off some steam is very deadly and extremely terrifying. An earthquake is a vibration of the Earths surface that follows a release of energy in the Earths crust. There are various ways this energy is released. Manmade explosions, dislocation of segments of the crust or volcanic eruptions are all triggers for an Earthquake; however, most are caused by a slippage of faults. A fault is a fracture in the Earths crust along which two blocks of the crust have slipped within one another. These faults are grouped into three categories (normal, thrust and strike-slip) and are located all over the Earth. In North America there is a very large fault that runs through California that separates the North American plate and the Pacific plate. The afore mentioned fault is called the San Andreas fault and is approximately 1300 kilometers long and a great source for Earthquakes and activity. San Andreas is unusual because unlike most faults, which are beneath the Earths surface, the San Andreas is visible on the surface. One of the bigger Earthquakes ever recorded ran along this fault and will be discussed later in the paper. The length and severity of an Earthquake does vary. Much in the way lightning is a preemptive sign that thunder will follow, foreshocks are a preemptive sign that a major Earthquake will follow. Foreshocks are small Earthquakes that last anywhere from years to hours before a major quake. When foreshocks have been monitored for making predictions it has had mixed results but if nothing else they do allow people to prepare for the potential disaster that may follow. Once that major quake does follow it can last seconds or minutes and the damage can be nil or severe. If severe then the aftershocks that follow can bring down structures that were badly damaged from the major quake. This whole process is repetitious, taking place along faults with powerful quakes once every two years and moderate quakes averaging 40 per year. Scientists’ estimate more than 8,000 minor quakes take place each day but do not cause any damage. Fault lines are not limited to the land. They do run under the water and the str... ...ds of lives. Humans’ ability to cope with natural disaster such as an Earthquake will be an ongoing struggle. The best hope relies on better predictions, better structural design and ultimately no fatalities. Works Cited Dunegan, H.L. (1996, June 11-13). Prediction of Earthquakes home what’s new about AE/MS. (6th Conference on AE/MS activity in geologic structures and materials) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 86, NO. 1A, pp. 204-211 McNally, Karen C (2002, February 16). â€Å"Earthquake† World Book Online Americas Edition, www./wbol/na/ar/co/171680. p.1-13 Mooney, M.J. (1990). Tsunami. (When the sea quakes) Americas, vol. 42 Issue 4, p.24,5p,1diagram,2C. www.oem1.epnet.com/oemfulltext.asp?resultSetId=R00000000&hitNum=2&booleanTerm.com Anonymous (1997,Oct 23). How Earthquakes Happen (Aerial view of the San Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain, Central California). Education and Outreach http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq1/how.html Unknown (1906, April 19). Earthquake and Fire San Francisco in Ruins Call Chronicle Examiner (First Newspaper Report Home Index by year Biographies the gift shop) www.sfmuseum.org/press/clip.html

American Airlines and US Airway’s Merger Essay

Abstract American Airlines has suffered tremendous profit losses over the last few years. The losses have been so great that the company filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The news for the Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection was a shock to many, considering the fact that they had enough money to operate and cover their losses through the following year. The merger indeed was great decision on behalf of American Airlines. The merger itself was questionable. The Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against regarding concerns that it could raise prices for consumers. A settlement was reached and the world largest airline has been formed. American Airlines has been suffering for many years. The company has suffered more losses than profits. Jobs have been cut; benefits have been scaled back, and the pilots of American Airlines are paid a lot lower salaries than their competitors. Many of them have been furloughed. All of these and many other factors have contributed to American deciding to create the world largest airlines with US Airways. In this essay I will discuss the circumstances that resulted in the merger, assess the significant positive (or negative) effects of the merger, and examine the organizational structure that has resulted from the merger. American Airlines filed for bankruptcy in November 2011. According to an interview with Richard Quest of CNN, Thomas Horton the new CEO of American Airlines stated that the company was forced into bankruptcy because of the cost disadvantages it faced compared to it’s competitors that had already gone through a bankruptcy. The news came as a shock to many. The company had enough money  to sustain the losses that it may incur through the next year. Although the company had the money to operate, the company still decided to go through with filing for bankruptcy (Isidore & Ellis, 2011). At one time American was the world largest carrier, it had dropped to third in the recent years. The company has reported only one quarter where a profit was made since 2007, and lost 4.8 billion over those three and a half years. The company was projected to continue to suffer losses. Now that the merger has been approved, American will be able to get themselves out of their Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection (Isidore & Ellis, 2011). Now that the merger is complete, the new American Airlines has ordered over 600 new aircrafts that are updated and more modern. The new aircrafts will allow them to compete with their competitors. In the past they have lost a great deal of money from their business class travelers due to their lack of the amenities that their competitors carry on their aircrafts (American, US Airways reach merger deal., 2013). The two joining airlines will offer over 6,700 daily flights to 336 destinations in 56 countries. The merger will not distress any of the hubs presently served by American Airlines and US Airways. American Airlines has been in bankruptcy for a little over a year, and the merger will be effected pursuant to a plan of reorganization under Chapter 11. â€Å"The combination of American and US Airways brings together two highly complementary networks with access to the best destinations around the globe and gives us a strong platform to provide our customers the most connected, comfortable travel experience available,† Horton said â€Å"The operational and financial strength of the combined airline is expected to enable continued investment in new products and technologies and will create exciting new opportunities for our people, even as we deliver strong cash flow and sustainable profitability.† (American, US Airways reach merger deal., 2013). The merger with Us Airways allowed American Airlines to come out of the Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December. Being able to do so was the first time that a major airline has been able to satisfy a bankruptcy with a return on equity for its shareholders. By deciding to partner with a smaller, but stable US Airways, the company was able to raise the value of the combine stock. Pursuant to the plan of reorganization, so-called double-dip, single-dip, and intercompany claims were settled through a delivery process which distributed the proceeds of America Airlines’ estate based on the  trading price of the new company’s common shares. This quick fix solution lessens the opportunity of appraisal disputes by guaranteeing creditors got a current market value. When it was all said and done, American Airlines creditors, including its unsecured creditors were given payment in full. For the first time in a major airline reformation, shareholders were able to accept a return on their equity. The approved stock exchange merger left American Airlines shareholders with 72% of the new company and the US Airway investors with the lingering 28%.US Airways decided to do what most company who are going through a merger wouldn’t. They negotiated with American Airlines unions before finalizing the merger. This established a foundation of a cooperative negotiating agreement for the new company, so that labor disagreements would not disrupt or lengthen the merger development. Following numerous noteworthy airline merges it was predictable that the formation of one of the world’s largest carriers would raise some anti-tr ust hurdles. The first curtailed from the US government. The airline seized a proactive tactic, agreeing to surrender some of it apertures at airports around the US, leading to court approval of the merger (Thomas, 2014). Although the two companies have merged and are legally one entity, they have both agreed to operate separately until they can integrate both systems successfully. As with any merger, both sides will suffer losses of their employees. Majority of the top leadership positions will be held by US Airways top executives in the new American Airlines. US Airways CEO Doug Parker will head the merged carrier. Of the top eight executive positions, five of those positions come from the US Airways’ side. American CEO Tom Horton will be the chairman of the board, and will continue on through until the first meeting of the new board next year. Parker will keep the executives that he is more familiar with. The new leadership team includes US Airways President Scott Kirby and others who have worked alongside Parker for several years (American and US Airways name merged airline leadership, 2013). American Airlines has suffered tremendously over the last few years. Us Airway which is a smaller company, was in a better position financially than American. Although Us Airway was more stable, they didn’t have access to many of the locations that American Airlines did. The merger was a great idea for both. American was able to get out of their Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection earlier than anticipated. They have switched over from the Star  Alliance and move to One world global alliance. The new company now has over a 100,000 employees worldwide. Nothing but positive results seems to be coming from the merger of the two. In the beginning, the merger was questionable, and the Justice Department along with six other states filed a lawsuit against the company. The reason for the lawsuit is that they were in fear of the creation of the world largest airline raising prices on travelers. The slight raise in ticket sales, fees for flight changes, check bags, would be detrimental to consumers. American Airlines and US Airways were able to settle the suit and bring everyone to ease. In summary, the merger has run smoothly thus so far and according to plan. Currently both companies are operating individually although they are legally identified as one entity. The companies are working to collaborate their systems together as well. At the point in time, they are honoring each other’s flier miles and plan. Some of them have been eliminated to coincide with the polices of the company. American Airlines decided to merge with Us Airways to regain its place as the world largest airline. The reason for the merger has been negative on American’s side, but will benefit their company in the long run. In my essay, I have attempted to explain In the circumstances that resulted in the merger, assess the significant positive (or negative) effects of the merger, and examine the organizational structure that has resulted from the merger.

Scientists Take An Organic Approach To Improving Machines

Naturally occurring chemicals are being used to develop state-of-the-art microprocessors capable of replacing much bigger computers, for dimes on the dollar! Researchers headed by a team of scientists from the Netherlands’ University of Groningen, Netherlands have developed a way to alter the chemical composition of silicon dioxide, which could mean a revolution in the manufacturing industry. The discovery is the latest in the budding field of organic electronics that are gaining acceptance due to their multifold superiority over electronics made from artificial substances. These electronics are being seen as the biggest developments in the field of electronics since the invention of micro chips. Researchers from the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials at the University enlisted a team of industry-insiders from the Philips Research Laboratories, The Dutch Polymer Institute of the Netherlands as well as the Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials in Moscow Russia. Their combined efforts have materialized in the form of ‘self-assembled-monolayer field-effect transistor’ or SAMFET. SAMFET is the newest innovation in organic electronics, a newly emerging kind of electronic circuits which are constructed using only chemicals that occur naturally, such as silicon. Bottom-up organic electronics is a hot topic nowadays among electronic engineers and industrialists alike because, this technology allows the building of highly complicated circuits at a fraction of the cost of conventional circuits. Besides the economy, such circuits are also proving to be much more energy efficient than their predecessors. So the hype around the invention of this kind of ‘self-assembled-monolayer field-effect transistor’ or SAMFET is well-earned! Although the technique used to create SAMFET’s is complex, thankfully it is much more easily comprehendible. Researchers have basically developed a way to control the shape and proximity of atoms within a given sample of silicon dioxide. This allows them to mold molecules of the substance into a very compact and tightly packed formation. The molecular arrangements are organized in tiny layers sandwiched between another substance such as titanium. The ability to regularize the size and form of the molecules, together with the capability of cramming together millions of molecules more closely is the key element in this technology. This is so because the arrangement of the layers within a microprocessor is what allows complicated processes to be controlled by a microprocessor smaller than a matchbox! Electric pulses that pass through these layers are controlled with the circuits that are made of these SAMFET’s. Since the new innovation has allowed the packing of many more molecules into every layer of electronic circuits; many more commands to control and direct the currents can be programmed into an organic circuit as compared to a conventional electronic circuit made of synthetic materials. The developers explain that this innovation has been developed from the same liquid crystal technology that is used in television screens. LCD televisions are able to display better contrast and detail because of the fine crystals and their uniform distribution. In other words, they use the same technology as SAMFET’s albeit at a less complex scale. The newly developed silicon compound is sandwiched in layers of titanium for durability and strength. The titanium would normally restrict the flow of current but the inventors have come up with another ingenuity to overcome that problem. Contact points that link the different layers of silicon dioxide inside each microprocessor, are made of gold. Gold, one of the best conductors of electricity; allows small electric signals to pass between layers without much resistance against the current. Additionally due to the proximity and evenness of the molecules of silicon and other compounds within the layers, the smallest pulses of electricity can pass through it without any significant loss of energy. Experiments have been conducted to compare the performance of conventional microprocessors to those built using this newly developed technology. Inventors Simon Mathjiseen and Edsger Smits They say results indicate that their components can not only transfer electric currents through more elaborate formations; they can achieve this task with smaller currents because very little energy is wasted in the process. This allows them to build ever more complicated circuits. SAMFETS are structured to minimize resistance against electric currents, and since there are no moving parts, power is not wasted in transportation or heating. In turn, one microprocessor can perform much more elaborate tasks to help build multi-purpose machines that can carry out operations that would previously require many different machines. Simply put; a smaller, more efficient machine can now perform tasks that would have required an entire sequence of machines and robots. For manufacturers this means a ton of savings in their processes. This is so because at the moment even the most technologically advanced assembly lines contain many different machines, and materials have to be shifted between them many times before the final product is made. By combining many processes into a fewer number of machines, manufacturers can save money on the purchase and maintenance of equipment, and on the cost of human resource that is used to monitor and control these assembly lines. The developers of this strategy are confident they have discovered the building blocks to a new era of technology, one where the size†¦ of the circuit, does not matter! Instead, by increasing the density of molecules inside the layers that make up micro chips, more complex programs such as those used to control robots or entire assembly lines can be programmed into the same sized chip. Coupled with the energy efficiency, which means a lower cost of operating such electronics; these compact processors are being hailed as a much needed boost to the manufacturing and electronics industries. Under the current economic recession, many factories across the globe are looking to cut costs of production. SAMFET technology seems very promising in this regard because it allows manufacturers to use smaller, smarter electronic components. Not only can they save on human resource costs, but also on the cost of running these processors which act like the brains of the assembly line. All that remains to be seen now is how soon this technology can go into mass production.

just or injust essays

just or injust essays The most severe of all sentences: that of death. Also known as the death penalty, capital punishment this is the most severe form of corporal punishment as it is requires law enforcement officers to kill the offender. It has been banned in many countries, in the United States, an earlier move to eliminate capital punishment has now been reversed and more and more states are resorting to capital punishment for serious offenses such as murder. An Eye for and eye, a life for a life, who has never heard of the famous lex talionis? The Bible mentions it, and people have been using it regularly for centuries. We use it in reference to burglary, adultery, love and many other situations. However, some people use it on a different level, some people use it in reference to death. One steals from those who have stolen from him, one wrongs those who have wronged him, but do we really have the right to kill those who have killed. Today, there is a big controversy over capital punishment whether o r not it works, or if it is morally right. We have a certain privilege on our own lives, but do the lives of others belong to us as well? Do we have the right to decide the kind of lives others can or cannot live? We find someone guilty of murder and sentence him to death, does that not make murderers out of us? Can justice justify our acts? Those who assist in the death penalty are they not partners in crime? Is the death penalty a "Cruel and Unusual" punishment or is it now a necessary tool in the war on crime? With the increase in crime and violence in our society, how does the death penalty affect a North American family? Use of the death penalty has declined throughout the industrial Western World since the 19th century. In 1972, movement in America to have the death penalty declared unconstitutional during the landmark case of Furman v. Georgia, which declared the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment. However, after a Supreme Court decision i...

Homeschooling in New York State

Homeschooling in New York State In New York, you will find homeschoolers from all backgrounds and philosophies. Homeschooling may not be as popular as in some other parts of the country perhaps because of the large number of select private schools and well-funded public school systems. Homeschoolers themselves run the gamut from the deeply religious to those who choose to teach their own children in order to take advantage of all the learning resources the state has to offer. According to the New York State Education Department (NYSED), the 2012-2013 numbers for homeschooled children in the state between the ages of 6 and 16 outside New York City (which keeps its own records) totaled more than 18,000. An article in New York Magazine put the number of New York City homeschoolers for roughly the same period at nearly 3,000. New York State Homeschooling Regulations In most of New York, parents of students who are subject to compulsory attendance regulations, between the ages of 6 and 16 must file homeschooling paperwork with their local school districts. (In New York City, Brockport and Buffalo its 6 to 17.) The requirements can be found in the state Education Department Regulation 100.10. The regs specify what paperwork you must provide to your local school district, and what the school district can and cant do in terms of overseeing homeschoolers. They can be a useful tool when disputes between the district and the parent arise. Quoting the regulations to the district is the quickest way to resolve most problems. Only loose guidelines are given as to what material should be covered math, language arts, social studies including U.S. and New York State history and government, science, and so on. Within those topics, parents have a lot of leeway to cover what they wish. Getting Started in New York Its not hard to get started homeschooling in New York State. If your children are in school, you can pull them out at any time. You have 14 days from the time you start homeschooling to begin the paperwork process (see below). And you do not have to get permission from the school to start homeschooling. In fact, once you begin to homeschool, you will be dealing with the district and not the individual school. The districts job is to confirm that you are providing educational experiences for your children, within the general guidelines set out in the regulations. They do not judge the content of your teaching material or your teaching techniques. This gives parents a lot of freedom in deciding how best to educate their children. Filing Homeschool Paperwork in New York (Note: For a definition of any terms used, see the Homeschooling Glossary.) Heres the timetable for the back-and-forth exchange of paperwork between homeschoolers and their school district, according to New York State regulations. The school year runs from July 1 to June 30, and every year the process starts over. For homeschoolers who start midyear, the school year still ends on June 30. 1. Letter of Intent: At the start of the school year (July 1), or within 14 days of starting to homeschool, parents submit a Letter of Intent to their local school district superintendent. The letter can simply read: This is to inform you that I will be homeschooling my child [Name] for the coming school year. 2. Response from the District: Once the district receives your Letter of Intent, they have 10 business days to respond with a copy of the homeschooling regulations and a form on which to submit an Individualized Home Instruction Plan (IHIP). Parents are allowed, however, to create their own forms, and most do. 3. Individualized Home Instruction Plan (IHIP): Parents then have four weeks (or by August 15 of that school year, whichever is later) from the time they receive the materials from the district to submit an IHIP. The IHIP can be as simple as a one-page list of resources that may be used throughout the year. Any changes that come up as the year progresses can be noted on the quarterly reports. Many parents include a disclaimer like the one I used with my children: Texts and workbooks listed in all subject areas will be supplemented by books and materials from home, the library, the Internet and other sources, together with field trips, classes, programs, and community events as they arise. More details will appear in the quarterly reports. Note that the district does not judge your teaching materials or plan. They simply acknowledge that you have a plan in place, which in most districts can be as loose as you like. 4. Quarterly Reports: Parents set their own school year, and specify on the IHIP what dates they will submit quarterly reports. The quarterlies can simply be a one-page summary listing what was covered in each subject. You are not required to give students a grade. A line stating that the student was learning the minimum number of hours required for that quarter takes care of attendance. (For grades 1 through 6, its 900 hours per year and 990 hours per year after that.) 5. Year-End Evaluation: Narrative evaluations one-line statements that the student has made adequate academic progress according to the requirements of Regulation 100.10 are all that is needed until fifth grade, and can continue every other year through eighth grade. The list of acceptable standardized tests (including the supplemental list) includes many like the PASS test which can be given by the parents at home. Parents are not required to submit the test score itself, just a report that the score was in the 33rd percentile or above, or showed a years growth over the previous years test. Students can also take tests at the school. Since parents are not required to submit paperwork once the child reaches age 16 or 17, its possible for those wishing to minimize standardized tests to only have to administer them in fifth, seventh and ninth grade. The most common disputes with districts occur with those few who refuse to allow the parent to write their own narrative assessment statement or administer the standardized test. They can usually be resolved by finding a homeschooling parent with a valid teaching license to provide one or the other. High School and College Students who homeschool through the end of high school do not receive a diploma, but they have other options to show they completed the equivalent of a high school education. This is particularly important for students who want to go on to earn college degrees In New York State since showing some form of high school completion is required to receive a college degree (although not for college admission). This includes both public and private colleges. One common course is to request a letter from the local district superintendent stating the student received the substantial equivalent of a high school education. While districts are not required to supply the letter, most do. Districts usually ask that you continue submitting paperwork through 12th grade to use this option. Some homeschoolers in New York earn a high school equivalency diploma by taking a two-day standardized test (formerly the GED, now the TASC). That diploma is considered the same as a high school diploma for most types of employment as well. Others complete a 24-credit program at a local  community college, while still in high school, or afterward, that grants them the equivalent of a high school diploma. But no matter how they show high school completion, both public and private colleges in New York are welcoming to homeschool students, who are generally well-prepared as they go on into adult life. Helpful Links New York State Education Department Codes, Rules, and Regulations include information on homeschooling, compulsory attendance, student employment, and other issues.NYHEN (New York State Home Education Network) is a free online support group open to all homeschoolers. It includes a website with easily-accessible information on state regulations and several email lists where parents can ask questions and get advice from experienced homeschoolers (including, occasionally, me!).LEAH (Loving Education at Home) is a statewide Christian-only membership organization with local chapters throughout the state. It presents two homeschool conferences every year. Participants are usually asked to sign a Statement of Faith before participating in LEAH activities.PAHSI (Partnership for Accurate Homeschooling Information) is a New York City-based group offering information on homeschooling in the city and state.